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Mechanisms of Marginalization and Exclusion in the Context of the Theory of Contingency
Jarosław Sempryk
Abstract
Contingency theory allows for the analysis of marginalization and exclusion as a result of a mismatch between an individual or group and the demands of their social environment. In industrial society, participation was primarily determined by the ability to perform physical labour and comply with factory discipline. In the information society, digital competencies, the ability to engage in continuous learning, and mobility have become crucial. The labour market transformation after 1990 caused lasting marginalization for low-skilled individuals who could not adapt to the new economic environment. Education and lack of access to modern skills further exacerbate exclusion, particularly among seniors, migrants, and groups with low cultural capital. Social policies, often designed according to universal models, frequently fail to account for diverse local needs, resulting in certain groups being left out of support systems. Barriers to public services, such as healthcare, also reinforce mechanisms of marginalization. From a sociological perspective, marginalization is thus a structural process, stemming from a lack of fit between individuals and their environment rather than solely from objective deficiencies.
Keywords:
marginalization, exclusion, theory of contingency, societyMost read articles by the same author(s)
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